July 23 notes: 7b cont...allergic reactions and vaccines

Post test 3: 1:25 pm

final is 100 questions... test we just took is 84 questions....

50 new stuff, 50 cumulative questions......case study, blanks, multiple choice (not any charts)

If you score 20 points higher on exam throw one of the earlier tests... I will substitute your exam grade for lower test grade.

If 80% complete course evaluation survey by Wed... 1 point on exam

if 90% complete survey 2 pts on exam

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allergy test

Allergic Reactions The immune response overclocked…  Fig. 18.1a

Allergy-producing antigens = ______allergens__________

* Sensitization: leading up to allergic reaction

(In some people) Allergens may trigger production of __IgE___ antibodies

Which bind to 3 cell types: (remember 2 from inflammation + 1 new)

* IgE bind by Fc to:
1. Mast cells
2. basophiles
3. cosmophiles

 * cells found in skin/internal surfaces

These 3 cells are found within all epithelium/endothelium, and contain granules of 
      - histamine
      - leukotrienes
      - bradykinin
     - serotonin, etc.

Sensitization: (Leading up to first allergic reaction) Fig. 18.1b

critical number of antibodies (IgE) found on above cells’ surfaces

Cell is “_fully loaded__”

person is sensitized

Multiple exposures usually required to reach this number of antibody molecules per cell

*next exposure: allergen binds to Fab portions of IgE and causes degranulation (happens all at once, if done slowly it doesn't cause degranulation)

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**** draw diagram: connective tissue... airway,,,, intestines: mast, basophiles, connective tissue.. inflammation in the normal scheme of things... we are saying every time allergen is encountered: load up IgE, more IgE after next exposures, next exposures more IgE...can be allergic because of one exposure? yes if its a massive exposure: example a lot of wasp stings....cocconut: airways, then airways intestines, then shock.....)

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During allergic reaction:  Fig. 18.1b

Allergen causes binds to____Fab portion of IgE?______ portions of cells and causes degranulation (release of chemicals within vesicles in cells)

Release of granule chemicals (and therefore symptoms) may be local (poison ivy, “hay” fever) or systemic (anaphylactic reaction to bee sting) 

Effects of degranulation:   Table 18.1

1. General ___inflammation__________________