July 16th Level 1 defenses continued

7/16/2012

Level 1 Skin Defenses:  (Fig 15.1 and Table 15.1)

Skin,

other surface: eyes, GI track, Respiratory track are considered level 1 surface

·         Close Fitting cells

·         Dry

·         Keratin toughens (cornification)

o   (keratin also makes up nails, hair, turtle shells, horns, hooves, claws)

·         Salt and Sebum

·         Epidermis and dermis multi-layered

·         Sloughing (remove dead skin cells)

·         Normal Flora

·         Hair

Level 1: Respiratory Defenses: Fig. 15.2

·         Hairs, turbines

·         Cough, sneeze, reflexes

·         Ciliary escalator

o   Ciliated cells

o   Sticky mucus with lysozyme

o   Coordinated sweeping of trapped particles OUT

·          

Other Level 1 Defenses (Table 15.2)

·         Eyes

o   Blinking reflex (hairs)

o   Flushing – tears

o   Lysozyme

o   Salt (tears)

·         Mouth

o   Lysozyme

o   Flushing action of saliva/swallowing

o   Digestive enzymes

o   Normal flora

Other Level 1 Defenses (table 15.2)

·         Urinary tract

o   Flushing – urine

·         Genital tract (females)

o   pH low

o   ciliary escalator

o   normal flora (yeast, bacteria, etc)

·         Digestive tract

o   (stomach, intesines) Peristalsis/flushing

o   (fiber = cellulose, undigestive by humans but helps scrap and clean off walls of intesines…. Make cake, rubber spatula, fiber like spatula that takes bacteria out of digestive tract)